I’ve been
putting this off, because it feels too much like school work, but it’s time to
get down to the nitty gritty and discuss the TO&E of my Chinese battalion,
and how to fit it in the Flames of War point system.
The first
thing is finding what the historical units consisted of. Between 1928 and 1938,
the TO&E of central government divisions was amended at least eight
different times, reflecting changes in doctrine or technology. However, not
every division was able to reorganize completely or at all, either because of a
lack of equipment, manpower, or the reluctance of a local commander to change, and so by the time
war broke out, any number of these organizations could have been in use. And
this does not include the organizations of the various provincial armies.
Of the
central government divisions, the infantry battalion seems to have remained
relatively unchanged during this period, consisting of three rifle companies (each
with three platoons), a mortar company and an MG company. One of the biggest
changes was the introduction of the light machine gun into the rifle platoon.
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A Chinese soldier armed with a Swiss SIG KE7 automatic rifle. He also wears one of China's few indigenously produced helmets. |
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The platoon
of the 19th Year Type A Division was composed of three 10-man rifles
squads. In 1932, some of the better equipped and German trained divisions were
organized into 21st Year Type Divisions, which added two automatic
rifle squads to the platoon, for a total of five squads per platoon. This
platoon organization appears to have been carried over in subsequent reorganizations,
more or less, with the exception of the Anti-Bandit Division created in 1933.
In terms of
Flames of War (Version 3), this is how it would look:
Pre-1932
Rifle Platoon (w/o LMGs)
Six medium
bases, each with five riflemen
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The rifle platoon w/ three squads. |
Post-1932
Rifle Platoon (w/
LMGs)
Ten medium
bases: six w/ five riflemen each; and four w/ two light machine gunners and eight riflemen.
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The rifle platoon w/ three squads and two light machine gun squads. |
As stated
previously, these reorganizations were not carried out across the board, and
various provincial armies had their own unit structures, so it wouldn’t be out
of the realm of possibility to have a company or battalion with either type of
platoon.
Unfortunately,
I found out much of the above only after I had organized and based my
miniatures, so I am now trying to fit what I have into a historical frame work,
instead of the other way around.
At the
moment, my only complete company consists of 18 medium stands, which works out
to three pre-1932 rifle platoons. Each stand should have five figures, but for
economic reasons, I had to limit it to four. Though technically inaccurate, I’m
not too worried about this.
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Rifle Company |
However,
historically speaking, if I want to field them as a Rifle/MG company, I really
ought to add another 12 stands. On the other hand, with all the various unit
organizations in effect and the exigencies of war, such a unit structure could
have existed. I haven’t quite decided this matter, but it’s something to chew
on.
Pressing on,
the next thing to determine is the unit’s Skill and Motivation rating. With
such a large, varied army, things like training, leadership, experience and
morale were not consistent between units, save perhaps for the German trained
divisions. To reflect this, I’ve decided to use the ‘Eight Million Bayonet
rule’ used for Italians, to solve the same problem of their varied morale and
training, where a die is rolled for each unit to determine its rating.
Below is the
roll chart so far, but it may change, if I’ve determined I’ve been too
generous/meager. ‘RC’ is for Reluctant Conscript; ‘RT’ for Reluctant Trained; ‘CC’
for Confident Conscript; ‘CT’ for Confident Trained; ‘FC’ for Fearless
Conscript; and ‘FT’ is for Fearless Trained.
Roll Infantry Dare-to-Die Artillery/Tank
1 RC FC RC
2 RC FC RT
3 RT FC RT
4 RT FT RT
5 CC FT CT
6 CT FT CT
As I’m sure
you've noticed, I’ve included separate ratings for the ‘Dare to Die’ troops, as
well as artillery and tanks, paltry as the latter might have been. These will
be discussed later, but let’s first work out the infantry.
Now that
ratings have been determined, we can figure out points. I won’t bore you with
all the details of how I figured out the points, but suffice it to say, I looked at similar early war units, such
as the Italians and Russians, and divided the number of points per platoon (or
company for the Soviets) by the number of stands. I compared that to units with
different skill and motivation ratings, as well as between different types of
units, such as between pioneer platoons and rifle platoons, or rifle platoons
and rifle/MG platoons.
The numbers
I came up with are rough estimates, and so I don’t claim to be duplicating the
Flames of War point system accurately. These are just to get a general idea, and
probably wouldn’t be good for a tournament, where such things are more
important.
Here is a
very basic infantry battalion, with the bare minimum in bold text.
Battalion
CO – 20 points (x2 small stands)
1st
Rifle Company – 190 points (x18 stands)
2nd
Rifle Company – 190 points (x18 stands)
3rd
Rifle Company – 190 points (x18 stands)
MG Company –
120 points (x6 HMGs)
Mortar
Company – 105 points (x6 tubes)
The next post
will deal with the various support units, as well as possibly upgrading a Rifle Company to a Rifle/MG Company.
Sources
Ness, Leland
and Bin Shih. Kangzhan: Guide to Chinese Ground Forces 1937–45. Helion
and Company Ltd., 2016.